World War I The Big Three at the Center of the Peace...

Following the First World War, commonly referred to as the ‘War to end all wars’ due to its severity and the damage it had caused, a peace needed to be drawn between the nations involved to settle the punishments for the nations who lost and also a plan to ensure that something like this would never occur again. This peace conference is the center of much debate amongst historians with two dominant views, one being that the victory nations acted out of revenge towards the losing nations and laid the seeds for not only World War Two but future conflicts and the other view that the victory nations acted out of necessity The ‘the Big Three’ at the center of the peace settlement of Versailles David Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson and Georges Clemenceau, are often given full responsibility by many for not only the Second World War but also the many crises that followed throughout the 20th century. One well-known historian in support of this view is David Andelmen, which is displayed in the following statement â€Å"The peace imposed at Versailles by the western powers –Britain, France, Italy and the United States – On the vanquished, not to mention the weak, the powerless, the orphaned and the friendless, determined much of what went wrong for the balance of the century and beyond.† These three men according to Andelmen were the soul reason for many of the events and crises following the Versailles peace conference, as they were prominently focused on their own interests andShow MoreRelatedThe Failure of the Treaty of Versailles Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesParis Pea ce Conference in 1919 at the close of World War I. 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Oil was to become one of the most useful chemicals needed by the economy of a country both in peace and most importantly for war. The British commitment to a Jewish National Home in Palestine, agreed upon in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, created a series of conflicts for the British-Arab policy. This pledge to the Zionists created a great uprising by the ArabsRead MoreEssay on The Role of Labor in American History9019 Words   |  37 Pageswas once a major occupation) and new industries mature. The American workforce, once predominantly blue collar, now Jinds white collar employees and the grey collar people of the service industries in a substantial majority. The workforce in big mass production industries has contracted, and the new industri es have required employees with different skills in different locations. Work once performed in the United States has been moved to other countries, often at wage levels far below the American

Leadership, education and diversity Free Essays

string(68) " for languages to correct the past inequity in schools and society\." The ever changing demographics undoubtedly have both current and future Impacts on education system. The Increased diversity can Impact the society either positively or negatively thus knowledge and capacity should be developed for education leadership that is one of the most diversified sectors of the society. It is encountered in various fronts and categories revolving around: organization, individual and program levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, education and diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now In multicultural settings, mechanisms exist to ensure social Justice without any form of discrimination. In the contemporary world, leadership is viewed s an Interactive social process despite Its complexity. The dynamic leadership approaches require Informed and Inclusive mechanisms to ensure success of the system. Leadership plays a critical role either in practice, theory or research thus it is expected that it influences the lives of a diverse group of people. In a given context like a learning institution or organization, leadership models ought to reflect that the members are both leaders and followers in spite of being distinct (Bishop, 2005). Educators regardless of their racial and cultural associations need to be equipped tit competencies and pedagogies to effectively manage the dynamic population of students. Native teachers have their own cultural affiliations which coupled with unique personal stories, form a basis in creating a general mix of a school’s diversity. Teachers can best establish an inclusive and comfortable learning environment if their leaders use engagement strategies that are nonjudgmental. It should be acknowledged that racial, cultural, and economic differences exist and have an impact on the education system. Brown (2004) explains that the transformation learning, adult learning and critical social theories are significant In Increasing installation and action plans In preparing transformation leaders. The theories are closely interrelated with the three the three pedagogical strategies of critical reflection, rational discourse, and policy praxis. LEADERSHIP, EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY 3 The other strategy is to establish the need for both personal and professional progress. Brainstorming sessions and retreats by educators and leaders create a climate of constructive discussions and builds mutual trust necessary for solving the crisis. There is sensitivity and respect for diversity coupled with team building capacity in teamwork. Educating all leaders on the essence of integrating a diverse composition of the organization Is necessary for achieving the goals and objectives. From a critical perspective, the insights to be discussed will present effective approaches to address challenges encountered in preparing education leaders dedicated to ensuring social Justice and equity. Factors that form the basis for delimitation such as race, gender, sexual-orientation and dillydally require social justice educational leadership. Leaders should embrace accountability in their systems and encourage all to create a diverse and inclusive work environment. Citizens in a particular country should recognize the diversity in all aspects of cultural, political, economic, and social life. Embracing diversity normally poses a the population. Multiculturalism goes beyond ethnicity. Despite the efforts to assimilate culture and heritage, there have been intact community Ethan-cultural institutions, structures, and characteristics. We all have different sub-cultures thus multiple identities. Demographic variation implies that social beings tend to associate themselves with certain ethnic group or identity. However, other people may not exclusively give emphasis to their ethnic background. Similarly, others are not minding to identify themselves with gender, social class or sexual orientation. Multi-ethnic identities have become common due to intermarriages and migration. It is important to motivate learners to explore and define their own identities (McDonald, 2009). LEADERSHIP, EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY 4 However, as far as am concerned, issues to deal with cultural incompetence of leaders posed a great challenge both in social life and performance in a multicultural environment. This creates a bias and discrimination by leaders towards their objects. In addition, it seems inappropriate dominant social group members derive comfort, social, economic and political satisfaction at the expense of the less fortunate in the society. The low-status groups endure suffering ranging from poverty, disease to ignorance. Although the extent of hierarchical organization may vary over a period across societies and within the same society, such approaches still find a way in the modern society. Discrimination of the different nature in institutions is very rampant especially in hiring, promoting staff or delivering court Judgments. Poor leadership is known to perpetrate favoritism such as in distribution of resources. It is worth mentioning that I have had to encounter the chauvinistic society given my social and gender identity. Despite the civilization and the aspects of having earned a decent education, there are still some prejudice in terms of group segregation and gender roles. It is expected that even in a diversified society, women are obliged to provide care to children and cook for their families. Another unclear issue is the influence of race and ethnicity of teachers on the learners. Patterns of discrimination ND prejudice may be difficult to identify by leaders in a systemic manner as well as their impact on institutions and society in general. Transformation school leaders identify and deal with contextual issues thus ensuring a Just learning environment for building a holistic individual. This implies that the challenge in the system that deprives the marginalia learners of the right to be heard is overcome. Students are viewed as subjects and not objects in the pedagogical approach. LEADERSHIP, EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY 5 Educators have been urged to acknowledge the great diversity among the student population to avoid normalization and oppression of those of a different race, gender, social class or sexual orientation (Kashmir, 2000). Ann-oppressive education involves selectivity’s and dealing with the crisis critically. In retrospect, by promoting multicultural education, diversity is enhanced thus the stakeholders should be inclusive to foster social integration. Democratically multiracial societies or nations should foster coexistence because unity and diversity have cross-linkages. Planning curriculum for schools in a multicultural nation should be inclusive of both advocates for cooperation, mutual respect, the dignity of persons and social rights. Linguistic diversity is another aspect that cannot be ignored. Therefore, leadership needs to promote affirmative action for languages to correct the past inequity in schools and society. You read "Leadership, education and diversity" in category "Papers" Educational policies that entail an inclusive curricula should be formulated and implemented. This will serve as a reflection of diversity and equity in the allocation of resources. Schools play a role as agents of colonization in the society thus conceptual approaches to put up with cultural diversity. In addition, issues to do tit staffing should be handled in a manner to ensure that there is heterogeneity. Kashmir (2000) observes anti-oppressive education can be conceptualized by considering these approaches: nature of oppression, pedagogies, curricula and policies. It is prudent that the education system should embrace assassination of learners on human rights and how the codes take effect in multicultural societies. Learners should be aware of social Justice even in their learning environment so that they can relate effectively to the outside world. There should be a guide and strategies to encourage respect, concern and care for self, colleagues, LEADERSHIP, EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY 6 organisms and the environment. The curriculum can be reorganized to enhance its effectiveness, but also emphasis needs to be given to traditional education systems. The issue of equity when integrated with leadership development programs is capable of supporting an interactive learning process and consequently promotes equity in school practice. Eventually, personality will have a significant effect on life- span development. Educators should be aware of the current generation of learners who may not perform concrete-operational and formal-operational assignments. Education plays a critical role in building the intellectual capacity of an individual. Numerous scholars have given great and in depth analysis of the education systems in all corners of the world. Substantive changes in preparation and professional development programs need to be adopted to ensure an accountable and socially equitable learning process both in the present and future (Brown, 2004). In view of the theory of androgyny as documented by Malcolm Knowles presents concepts that shaped and builds the learner (Merriam et al. 2007). A learner takes control of the learning process and uses disoriented approaches of life. However, the learning process and approaches have its shortcomings: the multi-cultural and multivalent learning environment pose a challenge especially for immigrants. There are expectations from instructors in the way learners behave, relate to fellow learners and also the assumption of certain responsibilities. At times, instructors may use negative criticism in public oblivious of the embarrassment thus lowering the morale to learn. Self-Directed Learning approach requires a determination to take charge of one’s own learning process owing to the motivation and desire to achieve academic and career goals. In addition, I should improve the family life, health, and enhance my intellectual capacity among others. It effective because it is aligned with daily routines, there enthusiasm about the LEADERSHIP, EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY 7 process, there is interaction with others and also the process is reflective and action oriented. Unfortunately, the process can be ineffective and cumbersome due to: relationship. Education serves as an eye opener and equalizing factor for mankind regardless of their backgrounds or affiliations. In my view, education without interest or passion is futile, because that is a factor for one to succeed in life. In my view, only interest cannot suffice as aptitude, determination and hard work is necessary. The effectiveness of any learning process depends on the level of understanding of how students learn best from the teacher. In view of my self-identification, the life in a multicultural and multiracial society provided me with an opportunity to acknowledge my background. My ethnic origin being Arabian, I had a desire to identify a certain group that constitutes my racial and ethnic background. Furthermore, I have gained a good understanding of how individuals of mixed irritate attempt to identify themselves and counteract with oppressive systems in the society. A woman’s contemporary position in the Saudi society has an impact on the development process considering that religious perspectives have been a limiting factor. The symbol of cultural identity and integrity has been the veil and headscarf. Nevertheless, most women have devised unique strategies to counteract gender inequality to ensure social Justice in all spheres of life besides education. It is worth differentiating the Islamic cultural practices and their normative teachings. Instead of Irving as an agent of social change, the role of women in education has been to bolster conservation in the conservative society. To this far, it is plausible that the Saudi Government signed a pact in 2001 with the United Nations to discourage all forms of discrimination against women. Pigged presented a developmental stage theory whereby an adult uses a complex and internalized set of behaviors to interact with the environment. It is worth mentioning that his theory popularly known as 8 Cognitive Developmental theory, clearly reflect the adult development in the society or school set up. The entry into adulthood occurs after a full understanding and evaluation of how an individual is like. Perceptions change can be attributed to a considerable change of culture. It is apparent that a change in both concepts and personality will have a bearing on the expected changes in one’s career. The development in personality can be attributed to genes, childhood experiences, environment and gene-environment correlations (Salesman Rider, 2011). The needs and norms of different cultures tend to respond to their environment in a fundamentally human manner considering its set of beliefs, language and values. Communities should be responsible for enhancing good citizenship virtues through mutual respect and recognition. In a democratic society, social integration should be fostered regardless of cultural or ethnic barriers. Martin (2011) observes that teachers and administrators should combine efforts to bring about positive reforms in the school’s social Justice. They should be well equipped with skills and knowledge that is sensitive to specific needs and environments of their students. The main aim of educators should be to establish capacity building and assistance to ensure responsible citizenship. Students tend to respond to the system by creating cultural groups to meet their different interests and aspirations while in school. In addition, the interactions such as sports within a multicultural, multivalent, multiracial and multicasts helps discourage Teacher education institutions ought to have the capacity to effectively build professionals who are sensitive about ethnic, racial and cultural diversity that exists in schools and communities. The leadership should adopt appropriate initiatives and approaches that focus on transforming the education system as agents of change. Yester and elite institutions can be developed to cater for certain vulnerable races, genders, ethnicities and economic statuses thus minimizing any form of discrimination. Social Justice can be better enhanced through combined efforts of education leadership to carry a radical transformation of structures in the system. This will require integrated and continuous approaches that are informative and efficient. The fundamental transformation of existing structures and apparatuses implies that strategies, curricula, research methodologies and programs have to be articulated sugarless of the barriers that exist. The stakeholders, particularly education leaders, need to highlight the perennial challenges in the sector by monitoring trends both in school and the community. The use of media as a medium of teaching provides environments that relate theoretical and practical aspects of learning among students, school, community and society as a whole. Media platforms such as internet and video provide a pedagogical avenue for enhanced conceptualization of the curriculum. Both philosophical and legal policies that promote diversity should be developed. The leadership should focus on creating an environment that is supportive to issues of diversity including debates. Leaders should encourage the selection of women and the less privileged in learning institutions and offering incentives for their promotion and retention. Community awareness on the importance of diversity in creating cohesiveness should be created. How to cite Leadership, education and diversity, Papers

Operations Management Productivity - Sales and Profits

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Productivity, Sales and Profits. Answer: Introduction Operations management is the vital function of the organisation as it facilitates in increasing its productivity, sales and profits. It focuses on managing the controlling and designing of the business operations in order to produce and sell final goods and services to the end customer (Barnes, 2008). This report focuses on the evaluation of the retail cleaning process of Consolidated Property Services. It also entails information related to the current performance of the retail cleaning process of Consolidated Property Services in terms of five performance indicators and areas of improvement. Besides this, it also entails information regarding the suggestions that can be implemented to improve the performance of the retail cleaning process of the company. Overview of the Consolidated Property Services Consolidated Property Services was established in the year 1977 by John Grant in Australia. It mainly engages in providing property services, environmental solutions and cleaning services to different public sectors and across different industries. It provides different services to its customers such as educational facilities, retail cleaning, industrial cleaning, commercial cleaning and special operations. In addition to this, the company has delivered approximately 100 recycling programs since 2010. Along with this, the company also considers establishing and maintaining strong relationships with its customers and employees by fulfilling their needs and goals. In addition to this, it also drives towards the development of operational strategies and new approaches for the purpose of meeting the changing needs of the clients in an effective and efficient manner. The company has also entered into a partnership with Kids Foundation for the purpose of providing support to the burn survi vors and their families in Australia. In addition to this, 87% of the people at management level have joined the company as cleaners (Consolidated, 2016). Overview of Retail Cleaning Process Consolidated Property Services provide cleaning services to industries, retailers and commercial sector due to which, it has large number of retail clients. The company tracks the needs and demands of the retail cleaning sector in order to provide highest quality services to them by working in cooperation with the centre managers. Along with this, under this process, floor maintenance programs are executed and managed by the company by employing labour for 24 hour sites for the purpose of achieving high level of customer satisfaction (Consolidated, 2016). The retail cleaning process of Consolidated Property Services is shown in the following diagram (Lahou, Jacxsens, Verbunt and Uyttendaele, 2015). Learn (Analysis of the situation of the facility): The first and foremost step in the retail cleaning process is to analyse the situation of the facility for which the cleaning services has to be provided. It includes different phases which are follows: Site Visit Identification of facility damage Identification of occupational and health safety risks specific to the site Determination of operational issues Establishment of specific reporting requirements Review of occupational health and safety Analysis of existing workforce and their job roles. Define (Creation of cleaning proposal): It also includes different sub phases which are as follows: Establishment of scope of work Frequency plan for cleaning program Requirements of labour hours for the project Specifications of cleaning equipments and products Recognition of the opportunities related to green clean Development of the measures for overcoming OHS issues Establishment of pricing proposal Assessing supervising and execution program Prepare (Development of cleaning program) Establishment of specified flow of work Clear definition of job roles and responsibilities Preparation of tailored policies related to OHS and hazard management Provision of clear code of conduct policies Preparation of orientation plan Establish formal inspection plan Creation of the inspection process Deliver (commencement of the cleaning program) Recruitment of cleaning staff Provision of training to supervisors Provision of cleaning equipments and cleaner rooms Creation of helpdesk procedures Execution of inspection program Provision of updated information to staff members regarding special clearances Monitor (Assessment and improvement of cleaning program) Measurement of the current performance Carry out audits and visits to site for supervision Organising meetings with staff members Taking feedback from clients on fixed intervals The retail cleaning process of Consolidated Property Services has a significant impact on its overall performance. This process has resulted in improving the health of employees in the organisation due to presence of clean working environment. This has resulted in reducing the employee turnover and absenteeism. Along with this, it also results in reducing the cost associated with the repairs of damaged equipments or products. Presence of clean working environment helps in increasing the morale of the employees and thereby their productivity. This helps in improving the overall operational efficiency of the company. Along with this, increase in the productivity of the employees due to increase in their moral results in increasing their commitment and loyalty towards the business (Nilsson, 2007). This in turn facilitates in providing high quality of cleaning services to its retail customers. This facilitates in increasing the satisfaction level of existing customers and attracting new customers in order to build large customer base. In this manner, there is an increase in the market share of the company. Along with this, adoption and provision of cleaning services to different retail customers has helped in building a brand image of cleanness among them which results in enhancing the professional reputation among customers and positively influence the bottom line of the business. In addition to this, carrying out of cleaning practices helps in increasing the storage space due to elimination of storage of unnecessary items, prevention from occurrence of fire hazards which in turn results in increasing the satisfaction level of employees as a consequence of existence of clean and safe working environment. Along with this, 24x7 customer supports is provided by the company to its retail customers so as to maintain the hygiene, safe and clean retail settings. The company carries out health safety practices in the workplace to keep it clean and safe so as to sustain in the market for long term (Consolidated, 2016). Current Performance of the Process The performance of any organisation is measured in terms of five parameters namely quality, speed, costs, flexibility and dependability. This is because the operations of the business have a major impact on its stakeholders which are classified into five broad categories namely, customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders and society. Nowadays, rapid changes have been taking place in the business environment due to which companies give priority to its customers. Quality: Nowadays, customers have become health conscious due to which they are attracted to the retail settings which are safe, clean and hygienic (Trewin, 2005). In context to this, Consolidated Property Services offer cleaning services to its retail customers. The company provides high quality cleaning services to its customers and adopts different tools and equipments to clean the retail settings in different weather conditions in order to maintain good quality of air inside the retail premises. The company has made huge investments in different cleaning initiatives in order to offer clean, safe and healthy working environment to its employees as well as its customers. This also results in elimination of different risks that can negatively affect the health of its employees. The company has also implemented different quality systems in order to measure the quality of the services rendered to its customers and keeps a record of quality inspection. Besides this, in order to ensure maintenance of high quality, the company has also use different equipments such as colour coded equipment and travelator cleaning. This has resulted in providing high level of services to its customers in order to attain high level of customer satisfaction (Consolidated, 2016). Speed: It is commonly regarded as the speed of response. If the company meet high standard of quality in their services offered to its stakeholders then it can respond to their requests in a quick manner. This results in increase in the customer base of the company. If the company fails to provide error free services to its customers then most of the time will be consumed in rectification of the mistakes related to quality of the service (Lelieveld, Holah and Napper, 2014). In context to this, Consolidated Property Services inspects the quality of the services rendered through quality systems in order to provide tailored cleaning services to its customers which helps in retaining the existing customers and generate revenue from them in large quantity. The company generates huge sales revenue by rendering high quality cleaning services to its retail customers in less time due to presence of trained professional staff and strong partnerships with centre managers. Presence of trained st aff 24x7 helps in providing assistance to customers related to the services rendered to them in order to fulfil their needs in an effective manner. The company is also able to respond to its customers in a quick manner as the quality is maintained to a set standard at each stage of the service station (Consolidated, 2016). Dependability: Dependability refers to delivery of products and services to customers on time. This means that the company requires delivering the goods and services to its customers at agreed time or before the agreed time so that they can consume it and fulfil their needs (Hill and Hill, 2012). Consolidated Property Services manages labour 24 hours a day for the purpose of delivering the customised and high quality services to its customers on time. This is because; if the services are not provided to the customers on time then they will not make repeat purchases. This will affect the business in a negative manner. The company has trained and skilled employees who renders high quality services to its customers in a customised manner on time in order to achieve high rate of customer satisfaction. This has resulted in increasing the profitability of the business (Consolidated, 2016). Cost: Cost is another objective through which the performance of the organisation can be measured. Companies which offers wide variety of products and services to its customers which might result in increasing the cost of the company. Production of greater variety of products and services results in reduced production volume and increased per unit cost. This affects the profits, running cost and price of the product (Anderson, Anderson and Parker, 2013). In context to this, Consolidated Property Services provide customised cleaning services to its retail customers as per their needs and wants which results in increasing the running cost due to the rendering of the service in less volume. This results in increasing the prices of the services and influences the profitability of the company. The costs has also increased as it provides training to its staff so that they can deal with its customers in an effective manner and fulfil their needs and demands to achieve high level of customer satisfaction (Consolidated, 2016). Flexibility: The flexibility objective of the operational performance deals with the adoption of new requirements by the operations department of the company in order to provide products and services to its customers at different quality levels. It is requisite for the company to provide products and services to its customers by bringing different modifications related to design and quality of the services and products. Besides this, it is also requisite for the company to deliver the products and services to customers as per their changing delivering schedules (Greasley, 2007). In relation to this, Consolidated Property Services has adapt to the changing requirements in the cleaning services related to retail sector. It has adopted the changed equipments for the purpose of cleaning during Spring season in order to clean the indoor air of retail premises. This helps in maintaining a high quality of fresh air in the premises in order to provide safe, clean and healthy workplace to its employees. Besides this, the company made investments in research and development for the purpose of innovating new ideas for the purpose of providing clean, safe and healthy work environment to employees (Consolidated, 2016). This in turn helps in increasing the overall productivity and output of the organisation. It develops new approaches and strategies in order to meet the changing needs of customers in order to sustain in the market and boost its sales and profitability. Flexibility in its operations as per the changing needs of the customers helps in attracting more number of customers and creating awareness regarding keeping clean, safe and healthy work environment in different retail premises. Recommendations It is essential for the organisation to improve its operational efficiency and performance as it has a significant and direct impact on the profitability and sustainability of the business. In relation to this, Consolidated Property Services are required to improve its operational performance in the retail cleaning in terms of five performance objectives in order to increase its reach and profitability. It is suggested that the company might outsource a particular operation in the retail cleaning which might help in reducing the cost and increasing its customer base. This in turn results in increasing the profits of the company. Along with this, it is also suggested that the personnel should regularly review the performance of the service rendered to its client on a monthly basis. This results in gaining loyal customers and results in increasing the sales of the company (Setchi, Howlett, Naim and Seinz, 2014). In addition to this, the quality of the service rendered should be checked and maintained at every stage which results in elimination of the cost associated with repairs and reworks. In addition to this, it also reduces the workload of the quality inspection team and saves their time which can be devoted in rectifying the quality issue in emergency situations. This results in increasing the overall productivity of the employees. Elimination of the repairs and reworks and occurrence of the similar mistakes by the employees also helps in increasing the speed of response to new and existing clients. Maintenance of standard quality at every stage of the service helps in elimination of the delay in the delivery of the services to clients as the time has been saved because of prevention of the inspection of the services by the quality inspection team. In addition to this, it also results in requirement of less number of workers and reduces the overall cost of the company (Kossmann, 2006). In this manner the five performance objectives of retail cleaning process in Consolidated Property Services can be improved in order to increase its operational efficiency. Conclusion It can be concluded that Consolidated Property Services provides cleaning services and environmental solutions to different public and private sectors. This report emphasises on the retail cleaning process of Consolidated Property Services. The retail cleaning process comprises of five stages namely learn, define, prepare, deliver and monitor. Besides this, it can also be concluded that the performance of the retail cleaning process is evaluated on the basis of five performance objectives namely flexibility, quality, dependability, speed and cost. This process also affects the overall performance of the organisation in a significant manner as it deals with offering cleaning services to retail clients. References Anderson, M.A., Anderson, E.J. and Parker, G. 2013. Operations Management For Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Barnes, D. 2008. Operations Management: An International Perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Consolidated. 2016. About. [Online]. Available at: https://www.consolidated.com.au/#about [Accessed on: 12 August 2016]. Greasley, A. 2007. Operations Management. Sage. Hill, A. and Hill, T. 2012. Operations Management. Palgrave Macmillan. Kossmann, M. 2006. Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation: A Practical Guide for Internal and External Service Providers. Ashgate Publishing. Lahou, E., Jacxsens, L., Verbunt, E. and Uyttendaele, M. 2015. Evaluation of the food safety management system in a hospital food service operation toward Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 49, pp. 75-84. Lelieveld, H.L.M., Holah, J. and Napper, D. 2014. Hygiene in Food Processing: Principles and Practice. Elsevier. Nilsson, L. 2007. Cleaner Production: Technologies and Tools for Resource Efficient Production. Baltic University Press. Setchi, R., Howlett, R.J., Naim, M. and Seinz, H. 2014. Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2014 Part 2. Lulu.com Trewin, D. 2005. Year Book Australia: 2006. Aust. Bureau of Statistics.